2026 Iran crisis · depletion, refill and larger buffers

Iran Crisis: Oil Stock Rebuild Simulator & Charts

Explore global oil stock depletion during the 2026 Iran crisis. Use the simulator and charts to compare how much oil could refill those stocks or build larger buffers, and how the daily requirement changes with the refill pace.

PUBLISHED BASE · 24 MONTHS

0.89 mb/d Global STEO net draw · conditional refill pace Compare refill scenarios ↓

EIA STEO · global net draw

How much oil would refill or expand the buffer?

EIA STEO release: 2026-09-09. Forecast window: 2026-09 to 2027-01 — five full calendar months including the release month, not remaining days. The horizon is a chosen limit, not a claim of forecast accuracy.

Update the numbers, add missing inventories or new storage facilities

Build an alternative component-based scenario from the dated OECD and SPR inputs below. These custom inputs do not reproduce the published global STEO target. Never add a global draw to overlapping stock components. Add only non-overlapping inventories or new facilities. Published data stays unchanged. Your inputs stay in this browser tab; download JSON if you want to keep them.

Past-month estimated net draw+642 million barrels

Since end-February 2026 through 2026-08-31. STEO estimates, not measured global tanks.

Five-month forecast net draw+221 million barrels

2026-09 to 2027-01. Negative means net stock building.

Projected cumulative net depletion+864 million barrels

End-February 2026 to end-2027-01. Includes future months; not a measured draw to date.

Positive net depletion basis864 million barrels

Positive net depletion at the forecast cutoff; not a normal-stock benchmark.

Base weighted refill target648 million barrels

75% of global net depletion

Implied rebuild demand · 24 months+0.89 mb/d

Conditional refill pace from 2027-02

What does the 864 million-barrel figure mean?

It is StorageCurve’s sum of EIA STEO monthly global balances from March 2026 through 2027-01, relative to end-February 2026. It combines estimates for past months with forecasts for the release month and next four months. It is not an EIA measurement of barrels already removed from tanks, and it is not today’s inventory shortfall.

642.5 million barrels of estimated net draw through 2026-08-31 + 301.4 of forecast draws − 80.3 of forecast builds = 863.6 million barrels of projected cumulative net depletion. Totals use unrounded source rates; displayed rounded numbers can differ slightly.

For every month, subtract production from consumption, then multiply by the actual number of calendar days. Example: 2026-03 has consumption 102.141 minus production 96.904 mb/d; the resulting draw of about 5.237 mb/d × 31 days is 162.3 million barrels. Months with more production than consumption subtract from the running total. The complete monthly audit table is below.

What is covered?

Geography: the world total, covering OECD and non-OECD economies, including the US and China. This is not limited to the countries that report transparent tank inventories.

Products: EIA’s petroleum and other liquid fuels balance, broader than crude oil alone. It covers crude oil and petroleum products, natural gas liquids, biofuels and other liquid fuels. EIA’s production accounting includes refinery processing gains; this model uses the published totals and does not add refinery output to crude production a second time. Diesel or gasoline barrels cannot automatically be replaced by an equal volume of crude at the same place and time.

Consumption and balancing: EIA uses products supplied for OECD countries and apparent consumption for non-OECD countries, including internal use, refinery fuel and loss, and bunkering. Its production definition also includes other unaccounted-for liquids. The result is an accounting balance, not a direct survey of final users or every storage tank. See STEO Table 3a and its definitions.

Stock categories: the balance implies an aggregate stock change. It does not separately measure or allocate commercial tanks, strategic reserves, pipelines or oil in transit. SPR and other government releases are not extra volumes to add to the global residual. A transfer between existing stocks does not itself increase global inventories. Differences and revisions in estimated supply and consumption also affect this implied residual.

Outside this calculation: depletion before March 2026, a benchmark for normal or optimal stocks, absolute global inventory levels, and any draw after 2027-01. The figure does not prove that all depletion was caused by the war, that every barrel must be replaced, or that purchases are scheduled. Larger buffers are a separate scenario choice.

EIA STEO balance source · EIA liquid-fuels definitions · Published monthly inputs and calculations.

One global total: OECD, SPR, China and other stock categories are not added. This is implied change since end-February 2026, not a shortfall against normal stocks, a measured tank inventory, or proof of war causation. No regional, strategic/commercial or oil-on-water split is inferred.

Automated data summary · base case

The STEO-based calculation projects 864 million barrels of cumulative net depletion from end-February 2026 through 2027-01 (past estimates plus future forecasts), including 221 million barrels of net draw in the five-month forecast window. Replacing 75% gives a conditional target of 648 million barrels, or 0.89 mb/d over 24 months after that window. This is a scenario, not a forecast of purchases or available surplus.

Generated from validated fields on Sep 14, 2026. Scenario assumptions, not a purchase forecast.

Refill shares and pace

Hypothetical rebuilding from 2027-02. Million barrels of target; rates in mb/d. These are arithmetic scenarios, not extended EIA forecasts.
CaseShare of depletionTarget12 months24 months36 months
Low50%432+1.18+0.59+0.39
Base75%648+1.77+0.89+0.59
High100%864+2.36+1.18+0.79
Larger buffer 125%125%1,080+2.96+1.48+0.99
Larger buffer 150%150%1,295+3.55+1.77+1.18

Low/base/high replace 50/75/100% of positive net depletion. Larger-buffer cases use 125% or 150%: full replacement plus an extra 25% or 50% of that depletion. The extra is not a percentage of the total February inventory level, which this model does not measure. If depletion is zero, these multipliers also produce zero. These are assumptions, not EIA targets or confidence intervals. Commercial participation depends on prices, financing, forward carry and usable tanks; no live market-condition trigger is applied.

Monthly global inventory draw and build

Net draw = (consumption − production) × actual days in the month. Positive means depletion; negative means stock building. Past months remain STEO estimates and can be revised. The release month and following four months are forecasts.

Baseline: end-February 2026. Flows in mb/d; volumes in million barrels. No forecast after 2027-01.
MonthStatusProductionConsumptionNet draw · mb/dDaysNet draw · million bblCumulative net draw
2026-03Past-month estimate96.904102.141+5.23731+162.3+162.3
2026-04Past-month estimate95.45899.619+4.16130+124.8+287.2
2026-05Past-month estimate94.41199.168+4.75731+147.5+434.6
2026-06Past-month estimate99.414102.047+2.63330+79.0+513.6
2026-07Past-month estimate101.727101.818+0.09131+2.8+516.5
2026-08Past-month estimate99.632103.697+4.06531+126.0+642.5
2026-09Forecast99.413104.210+4.79730+143.9+786.4
2026-10Forecast100.557102.987+2.43031+75.3+861.7
2026-11Forecast102.266103.737+1.47130+44.1+905.9
2026-12Forecast103.638104.863+1.22631+38.0+943.9
2027-01Forecast104.965102.376-2.58931-80.3+863.6

Accounting: forecast builds already reduce this net-depletion target. They are not allocated to it a second time. Refill scenarios start after the cutoff; no later EIA production or consumption forecast is used to claim that rebuilding is feasible. Rate = target ÷ (months × 365.25 / 12). Crude and product barrels are not perfectly interchangeable.

EIA STEO global oil markets · PAPR_WORLD (production), PATC_WORLD (consumption), million barrels per day.

Stock diagnostics · not added to the global target

Million barrels. Normal = same calendar month in 2021–2025; chosen commercial reference is capped at the pre-war level.
ComponentObservationCurrentPre-war levelSeasonal normalChosen referenceDeficitCounted?
OECD commercial oil2026-06-302,735.22,824.42,784.22,784.249.0No: diagnostic
US Strategic Petroleum Reserve2026-09-04285.4415.4Not seasonal415.4130.1No: diagnostic
US commercial crude (subset)2026-09-04424.1439.3419.9419.90.0No: diagnostic
US diesel / distillate (subset)2026-09-04106.3120.8122.4120.814.5No: diagnostic

OECD commercial oil

EIA STEO historical estimate · PASC_OECD_T3 · 77 days behind. Pre-war reference date: 2026-02-28.

Includes US commercial crude and products. Conservative STEO history cutoff; later stock forecasts excluded.

EIA source ↗

US Strategic Petroleum Reserve

Weekly reported stock · PET.WCSSTUS1.W · 11 days behind. Pre-war reference date: 2026-02-27.

Refill reference is February 2026, not historical capacity. Diagnostic only; not added to the global target.

EIA source ↗

US commercial crude (subset)

Weekly reported stock · PET.WCESTUS1.W · 11 days behind. Pre-war reference date: 2026-02-27.

Already within OECD commercial; diagnostic only, never added.

EIA source ↗

US diesel / distillate (subset)

Weekly reported stock · PET.WDISTUS1.W · 11 days behind. Pre-war reference date: 2026-02-27.

Already within OECD commercial. A product shortage can require refinery throughput, not just extra crude in tanks.

EIA source ↗

Download normalized inputs and scenario calculations · Full methodology · US SPR · Diesel tightness

Latest observed month

World liquid fuels demand and supply

Data through June 2026
World oil demand 102.05 million b/d

, last observed month

Versus a year earlier -3.71

-3.5% on the same month last year

Twelve-month average 103.38

million b/d, smoothing the seasonal swing

Implied global balance -2.63

Demand above supply — stocks drawing

EIA projection

What the EIA expects next

Short-Term Energy Outlook, released Sep 9, 2026

2026 projected 102.59 million b/d

Demand down 1.69 on the year. Supply 100.62, implying a draw of 1.97 million b/d.

2027 projected 104.98 million b/d

Demand up 2.39 on the year. Supply 109.88, implying a build of 4.90 million b/d.

2025 observed 104.28 million b/d

The most recent complete year of measured demand, for comparison.

These are EIA projections, not measurements, and they move a great deal between monthly editions. As one documented illustration: in its July 2026 edition the EIA revised its own 2026 Brent forecast down 14% and its 2026 world production forecast up 3.5% against the June edition published four weeks earlier. Revisions of that size within a single month are ordinary for this report. Treat the direction as a considered view worth knowing, and the precision as far softer than the decimal places imply. The chart below plots observed months only.

Observed months

World demand against supply, with the implied stock change

Chart loading. A recent data table is available directly below.

Tap a point to inspect it. Tap the chart again to close the data box.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (Sep 2026). Published Sep 9, 2026. How this series is sourced
View recent monthly values
Recent observed months — world liquid fuels, million barrels per day
MonthDemandSupplyImplied changeDemand vs year earlier
June 2026 102.05 99.41 -2.63 -3.71
May 2026 99.17 94.41 -4.76 -4.34
April 2026 99.62 95.46 -4.16 -3.98
March 2026 102.14 96.90 -5.24 -0.17
February 2026 104.48 108.71 +4.23 +0.94
January 2026 102.48 105.96 +3.47 +0.48
December 2025 106.20 107.97 +1.77 +2.34
November 2025 104.25 108.62 +4.37 +0.61
October 2025 104.44 108.55 +4.11 +0.43
September 2025 105.85 108.81 +2.96 +2.15
August 2025 104.49 107.63 +3.15 +0.67
July 2025 105.42 107.09 +1.68 +1.14
EIA projection — months beyond the observed history above
MonthDemandSupplyImplied change
July 2026 101.82 101.73 -0.09
August 2026 103.70 99.63 -4.07
September 2026 104.21 99.41 -4.80
October 2026 102.99 100.56 -2.43
November 2026 103.74 102.27 -1.47
December 2026 104.86 103.64 -1.23
January 2027 102.38 104.97 +2.59
February 2027 104.66 106.47 +1.81
March 2027 103.48 108.00 +4.52
April 2027 104.36 109.59 +5.23
May 2027 104.52 110.25 +5.73
June 2027 106.12 110.29 +4.17

About this series

From global net depletion to a conditional refill pace.

Start with the global balance

Consumption minus production implies an inventory draw. Multiplying each monthly rate by actual calendar days gives million barrels. Net depletion accumulates from end-February 2026; stock building offsets earlier draws.

Limit the forecast window

Past months are STEO estimates and can be revised. The release month and next four months are forecasts. No later forecast enters the global target, and a refresh without a new release does not extend the window.

Choose how much to replace

Replace 50%, 75% or 100% of positive net depletion, or choose 125% or 150% to also expand the buffer, over 12, 24 or 36 months after the cutoff. These are arithmetic scenarios, not government commitments or forecasts of available surplus. Future draws beyond the cutoff remain unknown.

Avoid overlapping barrels

The global balance already encompasses stock changes across categories. OECD, SPR, China and IEA comparisons are not added. A net change is not a measured total stock level or a deficit against normal inventories; crude and products are not perfectly interchangeable.

Source
EIA STEO: PAPR_WORLD and PATC_WORLD
Baseline
End-February 2026
Forecast limit
Release month plus four months
Refill shares
50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of positive net depletion
Refill horizons
12, 24 and 36 months after forecast cutoff
Coverage
Global implied stock change; no additive components

Compare across the balance

The other curves worth reading beside this one.

A single series rarely settles a question. Gas and crude respond to different drivers, and a national total can disagree with the hub that prices the contract.

NG · US

US natural gas storage

Weekly EIA Lower 48 working gas, injection or draw, and Henry Hub price context.

Open US gas
CL · US

US commercial crude inventories

Weekly EIA ending stocks excluding the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

Open US crude
WTI · CUSH

US Cushing crude inventories

The WTI delivery-point inventory — a focused view of local crude tightness.

Open Cushing
GAS · EU

EU natural gas storage

Weekly-sampled AGSI gas in storage, TWh, and capacity fullness.

Open EU gas
BUFFER · EUROPE

Europe seasonal electricity buffer

A 6–12-month gas-storage path with hydro and firm-power coverage kept explicit, plus current market confirmation.

Open seasonal outlook
OIL · WORLD

Global oil demand

Monthly EIA STEO world liquid fuels consumption against supply, and the implied global build or draw.

Open global demand
FORECAST · EIA

EIA crude price forecast

The current STEO path for WTI and Brent, its monthly revisions, and how past forecasts scored against realised spot.

Open price forecast
SUPPLY · WORLD

Global oil production

Monthly world petroleum and other liquids production compared with crude oil production alone.

Open global production
BUFFER · OPEC

OPEC spare capacity

Monthly OPEC surplus crude capacity, Saudi concentration, and historical buffer regime.

Open OPEC capacity
EXPORTS · GULF

Strait of Hormuz

Reported Saudi crude exports against production, refining, direct burn and storage, with the reporting lag stated.

Open the Hormuz tracker
ULSD · US

Diesel tightness tracker

Crack-led weekly EIA score with distillate stocks, product pull, refinery transmission and a separate disruption proxy.

Open diesel tightness

Source ledger

Every number has a provider and a date.

EIA / API v2

United States inventories and prices

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (Sep 2026).

Open EIA source
Fraunhofer ISE / Energy-Charts

European power and day-ahead prices

Source: Energy-Charts.info, Fraunhofer ISE (CC BY 4.0).

Open Energy-Charts source

Questions, answered from the method

Inventory rebuild demand: method and limitations

How this 2026 Iran-crisis simulator estimates global depletion, separates forecasts from past estimates, and compares refill or larger-buffer scenarios.

Can rebuilding exceed 100% of depletion?

Yes. The 125% and 150% cases replace the positive net draw and add another 25% or 50% of that draw as a larger buffer. This represents a preference for greater resilience, not an EIA purchase forecast. It requires capacity and willingness to buy. The percentage is relative to depletion, not the entire February stock level. Do not count the same expansion again as new-facility filling.

Why stop after five forecast months?

This page deliberately limits exposure to distant assumptions. It includes the release month and four following months, using full calendar months. Five months is a chosen product boundary, not a statistically validated guarantee of EIA accuracy.

Is net depletion a shortfall against normal stocks?

No. The reference is end-February 2026, not a normal or optimal stock level. Net depletion measures change since that date. Older deficits or excess stocks are outside that change. Commercial normal-stock comparisons remain diagnostics only.

Why not refill the SPR to maximum capacity?

Capacity is not a funded or scheduled refill target. The reference is the last reported weekly level before February 28, 2026. Older depletion is outside this event-focused indicator, and the model does not claim every withdrawn barrel must be repurchased.

What distinguishes the low, base and high cases?

Low/base/high replace 50%, 75% and 100% of positive cumulative global net depletion. Two larger-buffer cases use 125% and 150%, adding 25% or 50% of the depleted volume beyond full replacement. These are sensitivity assumptions, not EIA refill targets, probabilities or confidence intervals. The same global basis is used across all three time horizons.

When would commercial rebuilding be stronger or weaker?

Lower acquisition costs, favorable forward carry after financing and storage charges, stronger expected demand and available tanks can encourage rebuilding. Expensive prompt barrels, backwardation or uncertain demand can discourage it. The scenarios vary participation; they do not claim to measure a live forward-curve trigger.

Can the model isolate oil on water?

No. A global implied balance does not reveal how much stock change occurred in tanks or in transit. The refill share can be varied, but it is not a measured adjustment for shipping routes or voyage length. No separate oil-on-water volume is added.

Can my own refill share exceed 100%?

The component editor accepts stock refill shares from 0% to 200%. Above 100%, it adds a percentage of the positive current-to-reference gap as a larger-buffer assumption. A zero gap still gives zero; use a higher explicit reference to model an independent stock target. Facility capacity-fill and new-oil percentages remain capped at 100%.

Can I use my own stock or facility assumptions?

Yes. The custom editor offers an alternative component-based model seeded with dated OECD and SPR stock pairs. Its results do not reproduce or add to the global headline. Never combine a global draw with overlapping component deficits. Custom results remain user assumptions.

How can a research assistant help obtain updated figures?

The editor provides a copyable prompt requesting primary sources, observation dates, benchmark assumptions, overlap checks and structured JSON. You can paste the response into the editor for review. The tool validates structure and numeric ranges, but neither an AI response nor a successful import verifies the underlying claims. Missing figures must remain explicit gaps.

How do new facilities, including projects in India, affect demand?

New capacity can create an initial-fill requirement separate from rebuilding existing inventories. Enter incremental capacity, target filling percentage, oil already in that capacity, the share requiring new oil rather than transfers, first-fill month and filling duration. Only filling within the selected period contributes. No specific Indian project capacity or start date is assumed by default.

Does all announced storage capacity immediately become demand?

No. A facility scheduled outside the scenario contributes zero during it. Filling is spread uniformly across the entered filling months and only overlapping months count. Project status is context, not a probability multiplier. Approval, construction completion and the date oil first enters storage are different milestones. Edit timing and volumes to test delays or lower utilization.

How is net initial filling calculated?

Net first fill equals max(added capacity times target-fill percentage minus oil already held in that added capacity, zero), multiplied by the new-oil share. Internal transfers do not add global inventory demand. Do not also include the same expansion in an existing stock reference level. Percentages are converted to fractions in the arithmetic.

Are my custom assumptions saved or sent to an AI service?

No. Custom calculation and JSON import run in your browser tab. Copying the research prompt does not contact an AI service. You can explicitly download your assumptions as a JSON file and re-import them later; reloading the page otherwise resets the editor. Scenario inputs and generated results are not included in analytics.

Has the entire headline volume already left inventories?

No. The projected cumulative total combines past-month STEO estimates with five forecast months. It is calculated from consumption minus production over actual calendar days, beginning in March 2026. It describes the implied net change at the forecast cutoff, not measured withdrawals to date. The page separates past estimates, forecast draws and forecast builds.

What is inventory rebuild demand?

It is the additional flow of oil needed to increase stocks toward a chosen reference. It is temporary demand for storage, separate from the end-user consumption of fuels. Here it is a scenario requirement rather than an observed purchase order.

How is the global draw calculated?

Monthly net draw in million barrels equals (PATC_WORLD consumption minus PAPR_WORLD production) in million barrels per day times actual calendar days. Sum the signed monthly volumes from March 2026. Builds offset draws; no monthly undersupply is counted twice.

What does a 400 million-barrel refill require?

Replacing 400 million barrels requires about 1.10 mb/d over 12 months, 0.55 mb/d over 24 months or 0.37 mb/d over 36 months, using 365.25 days per year. These are arithmetic examples, not this indicator’s estimated target.

Does every deficit come from the Iran war?

No. The reference frames depletion around the conflict that began on February 28, 2026; it does not prove causation. Seasonal movements, pre-existing inventory choices, refinery operations and changes in demand also affect stock levels.

Is the refill rate an EIA forecast?

No. The global monthly flows are EIA STEO estimates and forecasts. The refill rate applies a chosen 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% or 150% share and a 12–36 month horizon to positive net depletion. Those choices are StorageCurve scenarios, not EIA purchase forecasts.

Is this crude oil only, or does it include products?

It uses the global petroleum and other liquid fuels balance, including crude oil and petroleum products, natural gas liquids, biofuels and other liquid fuels. It is not crude-only. It does not identify which tanks or countries hold the change, and crude and finished products are not interchangeable in delivery, processing or location.

What enters the headline estimate?

EIA STEO global consumption minus production, multiplied by actual days and summed from March 2026 through the five-month forecast cutoff. The headline combines past-month estimates with explicitly labelled forecasts. It is global implied net depletion, not a sum of selected stock categories.

Why not add OECD, SPR or IEA stock changes?

Those stocks overlap the global balance. Adding their deficits would count some barrels twice. They can provide independent diagnostics, but no component stock shortfall is added to the global net draw.

Can the global draw be split into strategic and commercial stocks?

Not from these two global flow series. The calculation does not assign separate strategic refill shares or infer which government released oil. The dated SPR diagnostic and component-based custom editor are separate from the global headline.

Does the global calculation exclude China?

No separate China deficit is added or excluded. The source is the world total-liquids balance, which encompasses China. It does not identify the Chinese portion of implied depletion or provide a Chinese normal-stock reference.

Are diesel and distillate inventories counted?

US distillates already sit inside OECD commercial oil inventories. Their separate gap is shown as a diagnostic without being added again. Product shortages can persist despite available crude because refinery capacity, yields and shipping constrain conversion and delivery.

What happens if a monthly input is missing?

The updater rejects an incomplete path and retains the last published dataset. It never substitutes zero, carries a rate forward or skips a missing month in the cumulative calculation. The retained source date remains visible.

How are forecast stock builds handled?

Builds enter as negative draws and reduce cumulative net depletion before a refill share is applied. Individual months are not clamped to zero. Only the final refill basis is clamped, so a net build since the baseline produces no positive refill target.

What does a negative monthly draw mean?

Production exceeds consumption, so the balance implies stock building. That build reduces cumulative depletion. A negative cumulative total means net building since the baseline, and the published refill basis becomes zero rather than a negative purchase requirement.

Does STEO already include inventory rebuilding?

Its production-minus-consumption balance already implies stock building or drawing. This model sums that change once. The later refill scenario does not allocate those same forecast builds again or modify EIA consumption and price forecasts.

Why do refill scenarios last longer than five months?

The five-month cap applies to the EIA outlook used to calculate net depletion. After that cutoff, 12–36 month refill rates are target divided by time. They do not extrapolate production or consumption or establish whether sufficient surplus will exist.

How are releases and revisions handled?

The focused updater fetches STEO directly and publishes its release date. Each release can revise past estimates and forecasts. The five-month window starts with the release month, and regeneration alone never moves it forward. A release older than 62 days blocks a new publication and the last published outlook is flagged stale.

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